To contact us Click HERE
I take great pleasure in announcing that two new writers will be joining me here at Birthing Shifrah!
Hallie Palladino, M.A., is a writer, teacher and mother. She will be covering issues related to parenting with a particular interest in natural parenting, attachment parenting and breastfeeding issues. She and her husband are raising their one year old son, Rocco, on the north side of Chicago.
Heather Baker, P.T., is a physical therapist at the Galter Life Center at Swedish Covenant Hospital in Chicago. She earned her doctorate from Northwestern University. Heather specializes in working with women during and after pregnancy with a special focus on pelvic pain and recovery from birth trauma. She will be covering issues related to the body during the perinatal period. When not working as a physical therapist at Swedish Covenant Hospital, she loves to be active and regularly competes in triathlons and even completed her first half Ironman last summer. She currently lives with her husband on the north side of Chicago.
30 Kasım 2012 Cuma
It's Been Awhile...
To contact us Click HERE
It's been a while since I've sat down to write. The summer was a whirlwind. We bought a house, found out we were pregnant, packed and moved. All while I was in summer school and nauseous everyday. Well, baby #2 is coming at the end of February and our lives are (finally) starting to fall into a routine, which means I have no excuse for not writing. In the meantime check out these new and exciting ways to keep in touch with me...
I launched my new website! Yay! You can now find me & my postpartum doula services at: www.emilyarobb.com
I'm teaching childbirth and parenting classes at Dharma Yoga Evanston: http://dharmayogaevanston.com
I launched my new website! Yay! You can now find me & my postpartum doula services at: www.emilyarobb.com
I'm teaching childbirth and parenting classes at Dharma Yoga Evanston: http://dharmayogaevanston.com
MOTHER'S CANCER CAN PASS TO FETUS
To contact us Click HERE
A Mother Sends Cancer To Her Baby During Pregnancy
England - A mother of 28 years, died of leukemia, a cancer cell transmitted to her daughter, while it was still in her uterus.
This event is rare and researchers proves that cancer can be passed from mother to child. Seventeen cases were identified earlier when the mother and baby share the same cancer often leukemia or melanoma. However, scientists now have evidence of genetic transmission of cancer.
Normally, the immune system of a baby recognizes and destroys any cancer cell from the mother. But this time, the leukemic cells have avoided the baby's natural defenses.
The scientists began their research in 2006 when a Japanese father brought his baby to 11 months in the hospital in Tokyo. He then explained that the mother had died three months ago. Samples taken from the infant compared to those of the mother showed that they contained the same cancer cells. These cases are still extremely rare according to scientists.
A Mother Sends Cancer To Her Baby During PregnancyEngland - A mother of 28 years, died of leukemia, a cancer cell transmitted to her daughter, while it was still in her uterus.
This event is rare and researchers proves that cancer can be passed from mother to child. Seventeen cases were identified earlier when the mother and baby share the same cancer often leukemia or melanoma. However, scientists now have evidence of genetic transmission of cancer.
Normally, the immune system of a baby recognizes and destroys any cancer cell from the mother. But this time, the leukemic cells have avoided the baby's natural defenses.
The scientists began their research in 2006 when a Japanese father brought his baby to 11 months in the hospital in Tokyo. He then explained that the mother had died three months ago. Samples taken from the infant compared to those of the mother showed that they contained the same cancer cells. These cases are still extremely rare according to scientists.
AVAIN FLU: IT's TOO COLD IN THE HUMAN NOSE THAT H5N1 CAN SPREAD
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Avian flu: It's too cold in the human nose that H5N1 can spread
While all the media attention at the moment is focused towards the H1N1 influenza A (also known as swine flu), researchers continue to try to understand how the H5N1 avian influenza. In an article published in the journal free online access PLoS Pathogens (reference below), an Anglo-American study reveals that a likely reason why the H5N1 avian influenza infects human with difficulty is the relatively low temperature (32 ° C) environment of the proximal human airway. It is possible that the epidemic of avian influenza (H5N1) in Southeast Asia was in 2007, which inter-species transmission has remained sporadic, never ever be transformed into a human pandemic because the mutations that might have made virus infection in humans have not occurred.
Temperature difference between distal and proximal human airway
Because previous studies showing that the H5N1 virus infecting the more distal (bronchi) that the proximal side (nose, throat) of the human airway, scientists from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (U.S.) and Imperial College London (United Kingdom) have hypothesized that the temperature difference between the two areas have been crucial to prevent zoonosis (transmission of animal disease to humans and vice versa). To provide some answers to their hypothesis, the U.S. and British researchers have used an in vitro model of human ciliated cells from the airways, they were seeded at temperatures of 37 ° C or 32 ° C ( to mimic the existing conditions of distal or proximal). In the first case, the two types of human and avian viruses infecting cell cultures efficiently, while at 32 ° C, only the human virus demonstrated efficiency of infection of cells in culture. These results are consistent with the fact that the infection in birds takes place in the intestine, and then at 40 ° C.
The important role of glycoproteins in the adjustment to room temperature
It is furthermore known that the influenza virus present at position 627 in the PB2 polymerase (element responsible for the replication of influenza virus genome in the host cell), an amino acid plays a crucial role in Adaptation of virus to the environmental temperature within the same host. The replacement of this residue of the human virus by that of avian virus but did not explain the difference between the infectious properties of both viruses at different temperatures. The researchers then used two types of human viruses, the H3N2 and H1N1, and replaced some of their surface proteins (glycoproteins, see box) by surface proteins of influenza virus. The human viruses as amended showed reduced ability to infect human cells ciliated cells cultured at 32 ° C, suggesting an important role of these glycoproteins in the adjustment to room temperature, and therefore a crucial role in limited transmission of H5N1 influenza viruses in humans and in the inter-human contagion.
The study, funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC Council for Medical Research) in the United Kingdom and by the NIH in the United States is important because in the words of Professor Wendy Barclay, Imperial College London,
"It is impossible to develop vaccines against the 16 subtypes of avian viruses [...]. By studying a range of viruses, we can nevertheless determine what changes come to significantly increase the risk of zoonoses and contagion in the human species. "
The Influenza Virus
The influenza virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae, enveloped viruses with single-stranded RNA and having a spherical shape 80 to 100 nm in diameter. There are three types of influenza viruses named A, B and C. Their surface is studded with surface proteins or glycoproteins, also known as surface antigens. Viruses A and B have two types, the hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). The hemagglutinin is responsible for virus attachment on a sialic acid residue on the surface of cells of the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract, and the fusion of viral and cellular membranes during the penetration phase virus. Neuraminidase, in turn, allows the release into the host cell virions pre-formed, and the posting of the hemagglutinin (and therefore the virus particle) of the cell membrane of the host.
Reference:
Article: Avian Influenza Virus Glycoproteins Restrict Virus Replication and Spread Through Human Airway Epithelium at Temperatures of the Proximal Airways
Authors: Margaret A. Scull, Laura Gillim-Ross, Celia Santos, Kim L. Roberts, Elena Bordonali, Kanta Subbarao, Wendy S. Barclay, Raymond J. Pickles
Published Journal: PLoS Pathogens
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000424
--
Source: BE UK number 97
http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/59855.htm
Avian flu: It's too cold in the human nose that H5N1 can spreadWhile all the media attention at the moment is focused towards the H1N1 influenza A (also known as swine flu), researchers continue to try to understand how the H5N1 avian influenza. In an article published in the journal free online access PLoS Pathogens (reference below), an Anglo-American study reveals that a likely reason why the H5N1 avian influenza infects human with difficulty is the relatively low temperature (32 ° C) environment of the proximal human airway. It is possible that the epidemic of avian influenza (H5N1) in Southeast Asia was in 2007, which inter-species transmission has remained sporadic, never ever be transformed into a human pandemic because the mutations that might have made virus infection in humans have not occurred.
Temperature difference between distal and proximal human airway
Because previous studies showing that the H5N1 virus infecting the more distal (bronchi) that the proximal side (nose, throat) of the human airway, scientists from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (U.S.) and Imperial College London (United Kingdom) have hypothesized that the temperature difference between the two areas have been crucial to prevent zoonosis (transmission of animal disease to humans and vice versa). To provide some answers to their hypothesis, the U.S. and British researchers have used an in vitro model of human ciliated cells from the airways, they were seeded at temperatures of 37 ° C or 32 ° C ( to mimic the existing conditions of distal or proximal). In the first case, the two types of human and avian viruses infecting cell cultures efficiently, while at 32 ° C, only the human virus demonstrated efficiency of infection of cells in culture. These results are consistent with the fact that the infection in birds takes place in the intestine, and then at 40 ° C.
The important role of glycoproteins in the adjustment to room temperature
It is furthermore known that the influenza virus present at position 627 in the PB2 polymerase (element responsible for the replication of influenza virus genome in the host cell), an amino acid plays a crucial role in Adaptation of virus to the environmental temperature within the same host. The replacement of this residue of the human virus by that of avian virus but did not explain the difference between the infectious properties of both viruses at different temperatures. The researchers then used two types of human viruses, the H3N2 and H1N1, and replaced some of their surface proteins (glycoproteins, see box) by surface proteins of influenza virus. The human viruses as amended showed reduced ability to infect human cells ciliated cells cultured at 32 ° C, suggesting an important role of these glycoproteins in the adjustment to room temperature, and therefore a crucial role in limited transmission of H5N1 influenza viruses in humans and in the inter-human contagion.
The study, funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC Council for Medical Research) in the United Kingdom and by the NIH in the United States is important because in the words of Professor Wendy Barclay, Imperial College London,
"It is impossible to develop vaccines against the 16 subtypes of avian viruses [...]. By studying a range of viruses, we can nevertheless determine what changes come to significantly increase the risk of zoonoses and contagion in the human species. "
The Influenza Virus
The influenza virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae, enveloped viruses with single-stranded RNA and having a spherical shape 80 to 100 nm in diameter. There are three types of influenza viruses named A, B and C. Their surface is studded with surface proteins or glycoproteins, also known as surface antigens. Viruses A and B have two types, the hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). The hemagglutinin is responsible for virus attachment on a sialic acid residue on the surface of cells of the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract, and the fusion of viral and cellular membranes during the penetration phase virus. Neuraminidase, in turn, allows the release into the host cell virions pre-formed, and the posting of the hemagglutinin (and therefore the virus particle) of the cell membrane of the host.
Reference:
Article: Avian Influenza Virus Glycoproteins Restrict Virus Replication and Spread Through Human Airway Epithelium at Temperatures of the Proximal Airways
Authors: Margaret A. Scull, Laura Gillim-Ross, Celia Santos, Kim L. Roberts, Elena Bordonali, Kanta Subbarao, Wendy S. Barclay, Raymond J. Pickles
Published Journal: PLoS Pathogens
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000424
--
Source: BE UK number 97
http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/59855.htm
The Do's and Dont's of Pregnancy
To contact us Click HERE
![]()
With so many people giving their opinion on what to do and what not to do during pregnancy, it becomes hard to determine what is fact and what is fiction. Below is a list of some of the more important factors to consider in regards to pregnancy do's and dont's.
Food during pregnancy
Pregnancy
Certain foods need to be avoided during pregnancy. Listeria, which is caused by uncooked meats, some seafood, unpasterized milk and soft cheeses, can cause birth defects, miscarriages and stillbirth.
The Do's and Dont's of PregnancyCat litter
Toxoplasmosis, is a disease which is contracted by contact with cat feces. It is spread by a parasite which can lead to miscarriages, stillbirth and birth defects.
Smoking
Smoking during pregnancy is definitely a no no. It has been linked to a low birth weight, miscarriage and premature birth in many different studies. Second hand smoke poses the same dangers during pregnancy, and should be avoided at all costs.
Caffeine
Some studies on caffeine during pregnancy have led to the conclusion that the two do not mix well together, as caffeine may increase the possibility of miscarriage and low birth weight. On the other hand, other studies have shown no link between the two. Obviously an excessive amount of caffeine is a bad idea regardless of pregnancy. An excessive amount of caffeine is generally regarded as over 300 milligrams per day. If you stay well clear of this figure, caffeine during pregnancy is less likely to cause problems.
Safety around the house
There are many hazards around the house for pregnant women, but almost all can be easily avoided. If you still insist on doing all the house work yourself, try to stay clear of aerosol cans, industrial strength cleaners and fumes from paint, solvents and strippers. All of the above have been linked to birth defects and other pregnancy complications. It also pays to take it a little easier around certain parts of the house such as stair cases.
Body temperature
Keeping a moderate body temperature during pregnancy (especially during first trimester) is important as it may lead to birth defects. It is a good idea to keep an eye on your temperature during exercise and keep your fluids up. Things such as saunas and hot baths are not recommended during pregnancy.
Alcohol and drugs
To be safe with alcohol during pregnancy it is probably best to avoid it altogether, as there is no safe level of consumption. It can have detrimental affects on an unborn child. In comparison to a fully grown woman, a baby is very small, so you could imagine the potential damage to the baby if the mother was drunk or even tipsy. Drugs during pregnancy have been shown to have a negative effect. Drugs such as cocaine have been shown to hinder the development of a baby's vital oxygen and nourishment, leading to complications such as birth defects and even an addiction in the child itself.
Exercise
Exercise during pregnancy is recommended for most women, but only at a moderate pace. Women who participated in high impact exercise, weight lifting, contact sports, high altitude training or scuba diving before pregnancy, will have to readjust their routines. Walking is highly recommended for at least the first two trimesters, as it can help your body withstand the rigors of labor and delivery more easily.
The do's and don'ts of pregnancy are different for each woman and each pregnancy. The above information is not a medical opinion and should not substitute a professional medical opinion. Always consult your doctor or care provider before making any major decisions before, during and even after pregnancy.
The Do's and Dont's of Pregnancy
Article written by Sarah Mitchell of NamesToBe.com. Over 10,000 baby names and meanings. Read this article and hundreds more: Baby articles database or The do's and dont's of pregnancy.
Article free for reprint as long as this author bio is present and all hyperlinks remain active.
29 Kasım 2012 Perşembe
The Do's and Dont's of Pregnancy
To contact us Click HERE
![]()
With so many people giving their opinion on what to do and what not to do during pregnancy, it becomes hard to determine what is fact and what is fiction. Below is a list of some of the more important factors to consider in regards to pregnancy do's and dont's.
Food during pregnancy
Pregnancy
Certain foods need to be avoided during pregnancy. Listeria, which is caused by uncooked meats, some seafood, unpasterized milk and soft cheeses, can cause birth defects, miscarriages and stillbirth.
The Do's and Dont's of PregnancyCat litter
Toxoplasmosis, is a disease which is contracted by contact with cat feces. It is spread by a parasite which can lead to miscarriages, stillbirth and birth defects.
Smoking
Smoking during pregnancy is definitely a no no. It has been linked to a low birth weight, miscarriage and premature birth in many different studies. Second hand smoke poses the same dangers during pregnancy, and should be avoided at all costs.
Caffeine
Some studies on caffeine during pregnancy have led to the conclusion that the two do not mix well together, as caffeine may increase the possibility of miscarriage and low birth weight. On the other hand, other studies have shown no link between the two. Obviously an excessive amount of caffeine is a bad idea regardless of pregnancy. An excessive amount of caffeine is generally regarded as over 300 milligrams per day. If you stay well clear of this figure, caffeine during pregnancy is less likely to cause problems.
Safety around the house
There are many hazards around the house for pregnant women, but almost all can be easily avoided. If you still insist on doing all the house work yourself, try to stay clear of aerosol cans, industrial strength cleaners and fumes from paint, solvents and strippers. All of the above have been linked to birth defects and other pregnancy complications. It also pays to take it a little easier around certain parts of the house such as stair cases.
Body temperature
Keeping a moderate body temperature during pregnancy (especially during first trimester) is important as it may lead to birth defects. It is a good idea to keep an eye on your temperature during exercise and keep your fluids up. Things such as saunas and hot baths are not recommended during pregnancy.
Alcohol and drugs
To be safe with alcohol during pregnancy it is probably best to avoid it altogether, as there is no safe level of consumption. It can have detrimental affects on an unborn child. In comparison to a fully grown woman, a baby is very small, so you could imagine the potential damage to the baby if the mother was drunk or even tipsy. Drugs during pregnancy have been shown to have a negative effect. Drugs such as cocaine have been shown to hinder the development of a baby's vital oxygen and nourishment, leading to complications such as birth defects and even an addiction in the child itself.
Exercise
Exercise during pregnancy is recommended for most women, but only at a moderate pace. Women who participated in high impact exercise, weight lifting, contact sports, high altitude training or scuba diving before pregnancy, will have to readjust their routines. Walking is highly recommended for at least the first two trimesters, as it can help your body withstand the rigors of labor and delivery more easily.
The do's and don'ts of pregnancy are different for each woman and each pregnancy. The above information is not a medical opinion and should not substitute a professional medical opinion. Always consult your doctor or care provider before making any major decisions before, during and even after pregnancy.
The Do's and Dont's of Pregnancy
Article written by Sarah Mitchell of NamesToBe.com. Over 10,000 baby names and meanings. Read this article and hundreds more: Baby articles database or The do's and dont's of pregnancy.
Article free for reprint as long as this author bio is present and all hyperlinks remain active.
Why "you're okay" is not okay
To contact us Click HERE
On the playground and around town I've heard a lot of parents using the same phrase when their little one takes a spill. Dusting them off, they say, "You're okay," and usually pat them on the back and send them on their way, back to whatever they were doing. I understand what these well-meaning parents are trying to do: let their child know that this spill is not the end of the world and that they will be fine. However this small statement is a lot more complicated than that. Telling a crying child that they're "okay" invalidates their actual emotions in that moment and sends a confusing message. The internal emotional response may be something like this: "if I fell and felt scared and now I'm crying, why is my parent telling me that I'm okay?". We would never tell an adult who fell on the sidewalk that they're okay and should just get up and keep going, we check in to make sure they're not physically hurt and then we offer support or help. The same response is appropriate for children.
When a child takes an unexpected spill they usually look to their parent to gauge the appropriate reaction. I believe many parents have adopted this casual response with the thought that if they make a big deal the child is going to cry harder, while downplaying it will make them bounce back faster. Unfortunately, instead of creating resilience this approach can create emotional confusion and a lack of trust in the care provider and the child's own emotional response.
So what can we do to create resilient kids who can bounce back from a spill? There's a very simple response that includes a description of what happened, an empathic statement to validate their feeling, and a brief comfort measure. Using these three steps are simpler than you might think and will help your child feel understood and secure and ready to continue playing. And since the tears are usually from the surprise of the fall, rather than the fall itself, validating their reaction goes a long way to soothing the tears.
For example: Baby Jessica is toddling around the playground when a bigger kid runs by, disrupting her concentration and balance. She falls onto her tush. The surprise of the quick movement brings her to tears. Her mother comes over and simply states, "Oh, you fell down when that big kid ran by. I can see that made you feel upset. Let me help you back up so I can give you a hug" (or an even simpler. "Aw, you went bonk. Did that surprise you? Let me help you up"). Hug ensues, tears stop and baby Jessica is back on her way.
For a bigger kid the response varies a bit but follows the same pattern. For example: Tommy is running through the indoor play area and slips on a wet spot. He tumbles and starts to cry from the impact. Dad comes over and says, "Hey buddy, I see you slipped in the wet spot. That must have felt a little scary to come crashing down so fast. Can I help you up?". After a little sniffle and a kiss from dad, Tommy is back on his way. He was able to see that his dad understood that he got a little scared, and his dad showed his that it is okay to feel that way but it doesn't have to stop the fun.
This approach also teaches children how to respond to others who are hurt or upset. If we as parents and caregivers are constantly telling our children the equivalent to "suck it up", then that is how they will respond to others. If, however we respond to them with kindness, respect, and empathy they in turn will respond that way to .
Photo credit: istockphoto.com
When a child takes an unexpected spill they usually look to their parent to gauge the appropriate reaction. I believe many parents have adopted this casual response with the thought that if they make a big deal the child is going to cry harder, while downplaying it will make them bounce back faster. Unfortunately, instead of creating resilience this approach can create emotional confusion and a lack of trust in the care provider and the child's own emotional response.
 |
| "I'm NOT okay!" |
For example: Baby Jessica is toddling around the playground when a bigger kid runs by, disrupting her concentration and balance. She falls onto her tush. The surprise of the quick movement brings her to tears. Her mother comes over and simply states, "Oh, you fell down when that big kid ran by. I can see that made you feel upset. Let me help you back up so I can give you a hug" (or an even simpler. "Aw, you went bonk. Did that surprise you? Let me help you up"). Hug ensues, tears stop and baby Jessica is back on her way.
For a bigger kid the response varies a bit but follows the same pattern. For example: Tommy is running through the indoor play area and slips on a wet spot. He tumbles and starts to cry from the impact. Dad comes over and says, "Hey buddy, I see you slipped in the wet spot. That must have felt a little scary to come crashing down so fast. Can I help you up?". After a little sniffle and a kiss from dad, Tommy is back on his way. He was able to see that his dad understood that he got a little scared, and his dad showed his that it is okay to feel that way but it doesn't have to stop the fun.
This approach also teaches children how to respond to others who are hurt or upset. If we as parents and caregivers are constantly telling our children the equivalent to "suck it up", then that is how they will respond to others. If, however we respond to them with kindness, respect, and empathy they in turn will respond that way to .
Photo credit: istockphoto.com
Introducing Birthing Shifrah's New Contributing Authors!
To contact us Click HERE
I take great pleasure in announcing that two new writers will be joining me here at Birthing Shifrah!
Hallie Palladino, M.A., is a writer, teacher and mother. She will be covering issues related to parenting with a particular interest in natural parenting, attachment parenting and breastfeeding issues. She and her husband are raising their one year old son, Rocco, on the north side of Chicago.
Heather Baker, P.T., is a physical therapist at the Galter Life Center at Swedish Covenant Hospital in Chicago. She earned her doctorate from Northwestern University. Heather specializes in working with women during and after pregnancy with a special focus on pelvic pain and recovery from birth trauma. She will be covering issues related to the body during the perinatal period. When not working as a physical therapist at Swedish Covenant Hospital, she loves to be active and regularly competes in triathlons and even completed her first half Ironman last summer. She currently lives with her husband on the north side of Chicago.
Hallie Palladino, M.A., is a writer, teacher and mother. She will be covering issues related to parenting with a particular interest in natural parenting, attachment parenting and breastfeeding issues. She and her husband are raising their one year old son, Rocco, on the north side of Chicago.
Heather Baker, P.T., is a physical therapist at the Galter Life Center at Swedish Covenant Hospital in Chicago. She earned her doctorate from Northwestern University. Heather specializes in working with women during and after pregnancy with a special focus on pelvic pain and recovery from birth trauma. She will be covering issues related to the body during the perinatal period. When not working as a physical therapist at Swedish Covenant Hospital, she loves to be active and regularly competes in triathlons and even completed her first half Ironman last summer. She currently lives with her husband on the north side of Chicago.
It's Been Awhile...
To contact us Click HERE
It's been a while since I've sat down to write. The summer was a whirlwind. We bought a house, found out we were pregnant, packed and moved. All while I was in summer school and nauseous everyday. Well, baby #2 is coming at the end of February and our lives are (finally) starting to fall into a routine, which means I have no excuse for not writing. In the meantime check out these new and exciting ways to keep in touch with me...
I launched my new website! Yay! You can now find me & my postpartum doula services at: www.emilyarobb.com
I'm teaching childbirth and parenting classes at Dharma Yoga Evanston: http://dharmayogaevanston.com
I launched my new website! Yay! You can now find me & my postpartum doula services at: www.emilyarobb.com
I'm teaching childbirth and parenting classes at Dharma Yoga Evanston: http://dharmayogaevanston.com
Potty Training the Toddler-Led Way
To contact us Click HERE
As a post partum doula and parent of apotty trained 22 month-old, I often get asked for tips on potty training. Afterhelping handfuls of children learn to use the potty over the years, I'vedeveloped these fairly simple steps to follow when teaching your child.
I recommend that you begin to think abouthelping your child become familiar with the toilet and potty around the timethey become mobile (usually between 7 and 9 months). As I say below, the moretime your tot has around their potty seat/chair the more comfortable they willbe when it comes time to use it.
For older children (24 months and up)this method will also work. You will simply need more time for build-up andless time for step number 6 because you have a child with more advanced reasoningskills. And you don't need to resort to bribes or treats aftereach trip to the potty either. Attaching a reward to something that theyhave to do anyway adds in a power struggle that you simply don't need. It isreward enough to be a "big kid" who doesn't wear diapers anymore andget a hug or high-five from Mom or Dad. If you set up a reward system for whatare in essence daily life tasks, children will begin to expect to get something anytime they're asked todo something. If instead you simply make these daily life tasks (like cleaningup their toys or later clearing their dishes from the table) expected you willsave yourself a lot of grief and help shape your kids into helpful, thoughtfulhuman beings. Save rewards for special occasions when your child has workedespecially hard at something but isn't expecting anything in return. It makesthe reward that much more exciting and the effect much more long-lasting.
Below I've listed the steps to helpingyour child learn to use the potty. Remember it takes time and patience to learna new skill, so don't rush your child. Each one is unique and will get thereeventually. These techniques will work for both boys and girls. However thereis some evidence that boys may take longer to learn to poop on the potty thangirls. If you think your child is ready and begin to make the transition but itbecomes clear that the child feels uneasy or is not intellectually ready tomake the switch remain at step 3 until you notice a change in interest orability. Remember, be patient....
Simple Steps toHelping Your Toddler Learn to Use the Potty
1. Look, listen and wait forsigns of readiness: more often than not toddlers willexpress very clear signs that they are ready and excited to learn to use thepotty, but just as often parents overlook, misinterpret or simply don'trecognize these signs. Here's what to look for:
2. Get some books from thelibrary: I'm not talking about parenting how-to books;I'm talking about books for your tot to read both on the pot and off. Byreading about other kids using the potty (and having accidents) it demystifiesthe whole situation. And, when kids are just learning they may need to sit andwait for quite some time before anything actually "happens". Afew of our favorites are:
3. Get your tot a potty seatand/or chair before you plan on having them use it (7-9 months old): Themore time your tot has around their potty seat/chair the more comfortable theywill be when it comes time to use it. I also highly recommend having a seat(the kind that goes onto your large toilet) in the bathroom and a potty chairin their room. This works great for two reasons. First, they'll be used tousing all sorts of potties and toilets from the get go and may have lesshesitation when using a public restroom. And second, when they are busy playingin their room they will have easy access to a potty chair at their level thatthey can use on their own, reducing your chance of accidents. If you're a cloth diapering family you'll be happy to know that your sprayer also works for cleaning out the potty seat insert.
4. Let your tot pick out theirnew underwear: This simple step of ownership will helpthem want to wear their undies over their diapers. It also provides you with aclean break from diaper wearing. It is helpful to prep for this outing a fewdays before by saying, "Soon we willgo to the store and you will help me pick out your very own underwear. Whenpeople wear underwear they use the potty to go pee and poop. You're a biggirl/boy now and you can use the potty, too!" Repeat the last partoften. Once they make the switch to underwear it is VERY important not toconfuse them by going back and forth between diapers and undies. By making theswitch to underwear 100% you are saying to your tot "I believe inyou", "You can do it" and all sorts of other supportive things.Forcing your child back into diapers can cause setbacks and anxiety for thechild. It is confusing for them to be told “use the potty”, one day then “poopin your pants” the next. If you were just learning the rules of life, you'd beconfused too.
5. Get some pull-ups for napsand nighttime: I know I just said going back and forthbetween diapers and underwear, BUT if you differentiate between diapers andpull-ups then you can be successful and not have to deal with changing thesheets in the middle of the night. Pull-ups are different from other disposablediapers in two major ways, 1) they don't hold much and 2) they keep your kid’sbutt feeling wet. Once your tot is used to going to the potty before naps andbedtime regularly (and you're not pumping them full of drinks at dinner time)you will have more and more dry sleeping-times and will be able to phase out thepull-ups altogether. My daughter actually decided she “No need it” atnaptime when she was confident that she could hold it through naptime. If theymake this assertion, believe them and allow for accidents to happen.
6. Pick a week/end, stay home,roll up the rugs and let your kid go naked: This is really thebig shift period. You will no longer be using diapers and you're working ongetting your child to recognize their own body signals. The trick here istwo-fold (and you have to find out what works better for your individualchild): have potty time at regularly increasing intervals (increasing over aperiod of days). You can either: a) ask your child if they need to use thepotty (and then believe them if they say no) or b) require them to sit on the potjust to try (and not force them to stay there if it's clear they're not goingto go). With both of these methods you will have accidents (remember that Itold you to roll up your rugs?), but here's the deal: you MUST LABEL what ishappening when it is happening. For example, Johnny is playing blocks and youcome in a say, "Hey buddy do you need to use the potty?" He's busyplaying and says "No." A minute or two later you see pee streamingdown his legs. You then say, "You are going pee. See it coming out? Let'sgo sit on the potty and see if you can put the rest in there." You thenwhisk Johnny to the potty regardless of whether or not he finished his pee onthe floor. You then say, (and this will become your mantra) "Pee/Poop goesinto the potty, not on the floor. When you feel pee/poop coming you need to siton the potty. Ok?" It is also important to have the child see you clean upthe mess, but NOT to make a big deal or get angry or frustrated. You will becleaning up a lot of messes as your child learns, so just get over yourself andhave some old towels and cleaning spray handy. Let me say that again, DO NOTGET ANGRY OR FRUSTRATED IN FRONT OF YOUR CHILD when they have an accident.Reiterate that learning to use the pottyis hard and everyone has accidents. It's NO BIG DEAL. Then clean them upand move on.
7. Make using the potty beforeoutings and before leaving anywhere routine: This is prettyself-explanatory. Before getting into the car or leaving the grocery store,say, "It's potty time before we leave," then plop them on the pot.It's mandatory and will eventually become routine. If you're just comingout of your week/end seclusion, make your trips short (under 45 min) and ensurethere will be a restroom where you're going. Another great trick is to take thepotty chair along in the back of the car. In warm weather you can place it inthe rear of your car or trunk. In colder weather putting it on the floor of thebackseat is a great option for keeping tiny tushies warm. Just be sure to keepsome wipes and something to clean out the potty (I kept a small bottle ofdisinfectant wipes and a plastic bag with the potty) so that after you dump thecontents in the gutter (for solids you should put it in a plastic bag and flushit when you get home) you can dry the potty. Either way, you've always got anoption.
8. Remember, accidents willhappen: Really, truly, this is inevitable. Accidentshappen no matter how old your child is when they learn to use the potty. Justlike everything else in life, it takes practice. There are times that may bemore accident-prone, for example when you have house guests, around busyholidays, any type of major change in routine, having another baby, or evenjust on days when you happen to be busier than usual.
In the Chicago Area and having trouble ditching thediapers? For more help and personalized assistance,please visit www.emilyarobb.com to set up an in-homeconsultation.
As a post partum doula and parent of apotty trained 22 month-old, I often get asked for tips on potty training. Afterhelping handfuls of children learn to use the potty over the years, I'vedeveloped these fairly simple steps to follow when teaching your child.
I recommend that you begin to think abouthelping your child become familiar with the toilet and potty around the timethey become mobile (usually between 7 and 9 months). As I say below, the moretime your tot has around their potty seat/chair the more comfortable they willbe when it comes time to use it.
For older children (24 months and up)this method will also work. You will simply need more time for build-up andless time for step number 6 because you have a child with more advanced reasoningskills. And you don't need to resort to bribes or treats aftereach trip to the potty either. Attaching a reward to something that theyhave to do anyway adds in a power struggle that you simply don't need. It isreward enough to be a "big kid" who doesn't wear diapers anymore andget a hug or high-five from Mom or Dad. If you set up a reward system for whatare in essence daily life tasks, children will begin to expect to get something anytime they're asked todo something. If instead you simply make these daily life tasks (like cleaningup their toys or later clearing their dishes from the table) expected you willsave yourself a lot of grief and help shape your kids into helpful, thoughtfulhuman beings. Save rewards for special occasions when your child has workedespecially hard at something but isn't expecting anything in return. It makesthe reward that much more exciting and the effect much more long-lasting.
Below I've listed the steps to helpingyour child learn to use the potty. Remember it takes time and patience to learna new skill, so don't rush your child. Each one is unique and will get thereeventually. These techniques will work for both boys and girls. However thereis some evidence that boys may take longer to learn to poop on the potty thangirls. If you think your child is ready and begin to make the transition but itbecomes clear that the child feels uneasy or is not intellectually ready tomake the switch remain at step 3 until you notice a change in interest orability. Remember, be patient....
Simple Steps toHelping Your Toddler Learn to Use the Potty
1. Look, listen and wait forsigns of readiness: more often than not toddlers willexpress very clear signs that they are ready and excited to learn to use thepotty, but just as often parents overlook, misinterpret or simply don'trecognize these signs. Here's what to look for:
2. Get some books from thelibrary: I'm not talking about parenting how-to books;I'm talking about books for your tot to read both on the pot and off. Byreading about other kids using the potty (and having accidents) it demystifiesthe whole situation. And, when kids are just learning they may need to sit andwait for quite some time before anything actually "happens". Afew of our favorites are:
 |
| Our favorite potty chair. |
4. Let your tot pick out theirnew underwear: This simple step of ownership will helpthem want to wear their undies over their diapers. It also provides you with aclean break from diaper wearing. It is helpful to prep for this outing a fewdays before by saying, "Soon we willgo to the store and you will help me pick out your very own underwear. Whenpeople wear underwear they use the potty to go pee and poop. You're a biggirl/boy now and you can use the potty, too!" Repeat the last partoften. Once they make the switch to underwear it is VERY important not toconfuse them by going back and forth between diapers and undies. By making theswitch to underwear 100% you are saying to your tot "I believe inyou", "You can do it" and all sorts of other supportive things.Forcing your child back into diapers can cause setbacks and anxiety for thechild. It is confusing for them to be told “use the potty”, one day then “poopin your pants” the next. If you were just learning the rules of life, you'd beconfused too.
5. Get some pull-ups for napsand nighttime: I know I just said going back and forthbetween diapers and underwear, BUT if you differentiate between diapers andpull-ups then you can be successful and not have to deal with changing thesheets in the middle of the night. Pull-ups are different from other disposablediapers in two major ways, 1) they don't hold much and 2) they keep your kid’sbutt feeling wet. Once your tot is used to going to the potty before naps andbedtime regularly (and you're not pumping them full of drinks at dinner time)you will have more and more dry sleeping-times and will be able to phase out thepull-ups altogether. My daughter actually decided she “No need it” atnaptime when she was confident that she could hold it through naptime. If theymake this assertion, believe them and allow for accidents to happen.
6. Pick a week/end, stay home,roll up the rugs and let your kid go naked: This is really thebig shift period. You will no longer be using diapers and you're working ongetting your child to recognize their own body signals. The trick here istwo-fold (and you have to find out what works better for your individualchild): have potty time at regularly increasing intervals (increasing over aperiod of days). You can either: a) ask your child if they need to use thepotty (and then believe them if they say no) or b) require them to sit on the potjust to try (and not force them to stay there if it's clear they're not goingto go). With both of these methods you will have accidents (remember that Itold you to roll up your rugs?), but here's the deal: you MUST LABEL what ishappening when it is happening. For example, Johnny is playing blocks and youcome in a say, "Hey buddy do you need to use the potty?" He's busyplaying and says "No." A minute or two later you see pee streamingdown his legs. You then say, "You are going pee. See it coming out? Let'sgo sit on the potty and see if you can put the rest in there." You thenwhisk Johnny to the potty regardless of whether or not he finished his pee onthe floor. You then say, (and this will become your mantra) "Pee/Poop goesinto the potty, not on the floor. When you feel pee/poop coming you need to siton the potty. Ok?" It is also important to have the child see you clean upthe mess, but NOT to make a big deal or get angry or frustrated. You will becleaning up a lot of messes as your child learns, so just get over yourself andhave some old towels and cleaning spray handy. Let me say that again, DO NOTGET ANGRY OR FRUSTRATED IN FRONT OF YOUR CHILD when they have an accident.Reiterate that learning to use the pottyis hard and everyone has accidents. It's NO BIG DEAL. Then clean them upand move on.
7. Make using the potty beforeoutings and before leaving anywhere routine: This is prettyself-explanatory. Before getting into the car or leaving the grocery store,say, "It's potty time before we leave," then plop them on the pot.It's mandatory and will eventually become routine. If you're just comingout of your week/end seclusion, make your trips short (under 45 min) and ensurethere will be a restroom where you're going. Another great trick is to take thepotty chair along in the back of the car. In warm weather you can place it inthe rear of your car or trunk. In colder weather putting it on the floor of thebackseat is a great option for keeping tiny tushies warm. Just be sure to keepsome wipes and something to clean out the potty (I kept a small bottle ofdisinfectant wipes and a plastic bag with the potty) so that after you dump thecontents in the gutter (for solids you should put it in a plastic bag and flushit when you get home) you can dry the potty. Either way, you've always got anoption.
8. Remember, accidents willhappen: Really, truly, this is inevitable. Accidentshappen no matter how old your child is when they learn to use the potty. Justlike everything else in life, it takes practice. There are times that may bemore accident-prone, for example when you have house guests, around busyholidays, any type of major change in routine, having another baby, or evenjust on days when you happen to be busier than usual.
In the Chicago Area and having trouble ditching thediapers? For more help and personalized assistance,please visit www.emilyarobb.com to set up an in-homeconsultation.
28 Kasım 2012 Çarşamba
It's Been Awhile...
To contact us Click HERE
It's been a while since I've sat down to write. The summer was a whirlwind. We bought a house, found out we were pregnant, packed and moved. All while I was in summer school and nauseous everyday. Well, baby #2 is coming at the end of February and our lives are (finally) starting to fall into a routine, which means I have no excuse for not writing. In the meantime check out these new and exciting ways to keep in touch with me...
I launched my new website! Yay! You can now find me & my postpartum doula services at: www.emilyarobb.com
I'm teaching childbirth and parenting classes at Dharma Yoga Evanston: http://dharmayogaevanston.com
I launched my new website! Yay! You can now find me & my postpartum doula services at: www.emilyarobb.com
I'm teaching childbirth and parenting classes at Dharma Yoga Evanston: http://dharmayogaevanston.com
MOTHER'S CANCER CAN PASS TO FETUS
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A Mother Sends Cancer To Her Baby During Pregnancy
England - A mother of 28 years, died of leukemia, a cancer cell transmitted to her daughter, while it was still in her uterus.
This event is rare and researchers proves that cancer can be passed from mother to child. Seventeen cases were identified earlier when the mother and baby share the same cancer often leukemia or melanoma. However, scientists now have evidence of genetic transmission of cancer.
Normally, the immune system of a baby recognizes and destroys any cancer cell from the mother. But this time, the leukemic cells have avoided the baby's natural defenses.
The scientists began their research in 2006 when a Japanese father brought his baby to 11 months in the hospital in Tokyo. He then explained that the mother had died three months ago. Samples taken from the infant compared to those of the mother showed that they contained the same cancer cells. These cases are still extremely rare according to scientists.
A Mother Sends Cancer To Her Baby During PregnancyEngland - A mother of 28 years, died of leukemia, a cancer cell transmitted to her daughter, while it was still in her uterus.
This event is rare and researchers proves that cancer can be passed from mother to child. Seventeen cases were identified earlier when the mother and baby share the same cancer often leukemia or melanoma. However, scientists now have evidence of genetic transmission of cancer.
Normally, the immune system of a baby recognizes and destroys any cancer cell from the mother. But this time, the leukemic cells have avoided the baby's natural defenses.
The scientists began their research in 2006 when a Japanese father brought his baby to 11 months in the hospital in Tokyo. He then explained that the mother had died three months ago. Samples taken from the infant compared to those of the mother showed that they contained the same cancer cells. These cases are still extremely rare according to scientists.
AVAIN FLU: IT's TOO COLD IN THE HUMAN NOSE THAT H5N1 CAN SPREAD
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Avian flu: It's too cold in the human nose that H5N1 can spread
While all the media attention at the moment is focused towards the H1N1 influenza A (also known as swine flu), researchers continue to try to understand how the H5N1 avian influenza. In an article published in the journal free online access PLoS Pathogens (reference below), an Anglo-American study reveals that a likely reason why the H5N1 avian influenza infects human with difficulty is the relatively low temperature (32 ° C) environment of the proximal human airway. It is possible that the epidemic of avian influenza (H5N1) in Southeast Asia was in 2007, which inter-species transmission has remained sporadic, never ever be transformed into a human pandemic because the mutations that might have made virus infection in humans have not occurred.
Temperature difference between distal and proximal human airway
Because previous studies showing that the H5N1 virus infecting the more distal (bronchi) that the proximal side (nose, throat) of the human airway, scientists from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (U.S.) and Imperial College London (United Kingdom) have hypothesized that the temperature difference between the two areas have been crucial to prevent zoonosis (transmission of animal disease to humans and vice versa). To provide some answers to their hypothesis, the U.S. and British researchers have used an in vitro model of human ciliated cells from the airways, they were seeded at temperatures of 37 ° C or 32 ° C ( to mimic the existing conditions of distal or proximal). In the first case, the two types of human and avian viruses infecting cell cultures efficiently, while at 32 ° C, only the human virus demonstrated efficiency of infection of cells in culture. These results are consistent with the fact that the infection in birds takes place in the intestine, and then at 40 ° C.
The important role of glycoproteins in the adjustment to room temperature
It is furthermore known that the influenza virus present at position 627 in the PB2 polymerase (element responsible for the replication of influenza virus genome in the host cell), an amino acid plays a crucial role in Adaptation of virus to the environmental temperature within the same host. The replacement of this residue of the human virus by that of avian virus but did not explain the difference between the infectious properties of both viruses at different temperatures. The researchers then used two types of human viruses, the H3N2 and H1N1, and replaced some of their surface proteins (glycoproteins, see box) by surface proteins of influenza virus. The human viruses as amended showed reduced ability to infect human cells ciliated cells cultured at 32 ° C, suggesting an important role of these glycoproteins in the adjustment to room temperature, and therefore a crucial role in limited transmission of H5N1 influenza viruses in humans and in the inter-human contagion.
The study, funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC Council for Medical Research) in the United Kingdom and by the NIH in the United States is important because in the words of Professor Wendy Barclay, Imperial College London,
"It is impossible to develop vaccines against the 16 subtypes of avian viruses [...]. By studying a range of viruses, we can nevertheless determine what changes come to significantly increase the risk of zoonoses and contagion in the human species. "
The Influenza Virus
The influenza virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae, enveloped viruses with single-stranded RNA and having a spherical shape 80 to 100 nm in diameter. There are three types of influenza viruses named A, B and C. Their surface is studded with surface proteins or glycoproteins, also known as surface antigens. Viruses A and B have two types, the hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). The hemagglutinin is responsible for virus attachment on a sialic acid residue on the surface of cells of the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract, and the fusion of viral and cellular membranes during the penetration phase virus. Neuraminidase, in turn, allows the release into the host cell virions pre-formed, and the posting of the hemagglutinin (and therefore the virus particle) of the cell membrane of the host.
Reference:
Article: Avian Influenza Virus Glycoproteins Restrict Virus Replication and Spread Through Human Airway Epithelium at Temperatures of the Proximal Airways
Authors: Margaret A. Scull, Laura Gillim-Ross, Celia Santos, Kim L. Roberts, Elena Bordonali, Kanta Subbarao, Wendy S. Barclay, Raymond J. Pickles
Published Journal: PLoS Pathogens
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000424
--
Source: BE UK number 97
http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/59855.htm
Avian flu: It's too cold in the human nose that H5N1 can spreadWhile all the media attention at the moment is focused towards the H1N1 influenza A (also known as swine flu), researchers continue to try to understand how the H5N1 avian influenza. In an article published in the journal free online access PLoS Pathogens (reference below), an Anglo-American study reveals that a likely reason why the H5N1 avian influenza infects human with difficulty is the relatively low temperature (32 ° C) environment of the proximal human airway. It is possible that the epidemic of avian influenza (H5N1) in Southeast Asia was in 2007, which inter-species transmission has remained sporadic, never ever be transformed into a human pandemic because the mutations that might have made virus infection in humans have not occurred.
Temperature difference between distal and proximal human airway
Because previous studies showing that the H5N1 virus infecting the more distal (bronchi) that the proximal side (nose, throat) of the human airway, scientists from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (U.S.) and Imperial College London (United Kingdom) have hypothesized that the temperature difference between the two areas have been crucial to prevent zoonosis (transmission of animal disease to humans and vice versa). To provide some answers to their hypothesis, the U.S. and British researchers have used an in vitro model of human ciliated cells from the airways, they were seeded at temperatures of 37 ° C or 32 ° C ( to mimic the existing conditions of distal or proximal). In the first case, the two types of human and avian viruses infecting cell cultures efficiently, while at 32 ° C, only the human virus demonstrated efficiency of infection of cells in culture. These results are consistent with the fact that the infection in birds takes place in the intestine, and then at 40 ° C.
The important role of glycoproteins in the adjustment to room temperature
It is furthermore known that the influenza virus present at position 627 in the PB2 polymerase (element responsible for the replication of influenza virus genome in the host cell), an amino acid plays a crucial role in Adaptation of virus to the environmental temperature within the same host. The replacement of this residue of the human virus by that of avian virus but did not explain the difference between the infectious properties of both viruses at different temperatures. The researchers then used two types of human viruses, the H3N2 and H1N1, and replaced some of their surface proteins (glycoproteins, see box) by surface proteins of influenza virus. The human viruses as amended showed reduced ability to infect human cells ciliated cells cultured at 32 ° C, suggesting an important role of these glycoproteins in the adjustment to room temperature, and therefore a crucial role in limited transmission of H5N1 influenza viruses in humans and in the inter-human contagion.
The study, funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC Council for Medical Research) in the United Kingdom and by the NIH in the United States is important because in the words of Professor Wendy Barclay, Imperial College London,
"It is impossible to develop vaccines against the 16 subtypes of avian viruses [...]. By studying a range of viruses, we can nevertheless determine what changes come to significantly increase the risk of zoonoses and contagion in the human species. "
The Influenza Virus
The influenza virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae, enveloped viruses with single-stranded RNA and having a spherical shape 80 to 100 nm in diameter. There are three types of influenza viruses named A, B and C. Their surface is studded with surface proteins or glycoproteins, also known as surface antigens. Viruses A and B have two types, the hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). The hemagglutinin is responsible for virus attachment on a sialic acid residue on the surface of cells of the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract, and the fusion of viral and cellular membranes during the penetration phase virus. Neuraminidase, in turn, allows the release into the host cell virions pre-formed, and the posting of the hemagglutinin (and therefore the virus particle) of the cell membrane of the host.
Reference:
Article: Avian Influenza Virus Glycoproteins Restrict Virus Replication and Spread Through Human Airway Epithelium at Temperatures of the Proximal Airways
Authors: Margaret A. Scull, Laura Gillim-Ross, Celia Santos, Kim L. Roberts, Elena Bordonali, Kanta Subbarao, Wendy S. Barclay, Raymond J. Pickles
Published Journal: PLoS Pathogens
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000424
--
Source: BE UK number 97
http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/59855.htm
The Do's and Dont's of Pregnancy
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With so many people giving their opinion on what to do and what not to do during pregnancy, it becomes hard to determine what is fact and what is fiction. Below is a list of some of the more important factors to consider in regards to pregnancy do's and dont's.
Food during pregnancy
Pregnancy
Certain foods need to be avoided during pregnancy. Listeria, which is caused by uncooked meats, some seafood, unpasterized milk and soft cheeses, can cause birth defects, miscarriages and stillbirth.
The Do's and Dont's of PregnancyCat litter
Toxoplasmosis, is a disease which is contracted by contact with cat feces. It is spread by a parasite which can lead to miscarriages, stillbirth and birth defects.
Smoking
Smoking during pregnancy is definitely a no no. It has been linked to a low birth weight, miscarriage and premature birth in many different studies. Second hand smoke poses the same dangers during pregnancy, and should be avoided at all costs.
Caffeine
Some studies on caffeine during pregnancy have led to the conclusion that the two do not mix well together, as caffeine may increase the possibility of miscarriage and low birth weight. On the other hand, other studies have shown no link between the two. Obviously an excessive amount of caffeine is a bad idea regardless of pregnancy. An excessive amount of caffeine is generally regarded as over 300 milligrams per day. If you stay well clear of this figure, caffeine during pregnancy is less likely to cause problems.
Safety around the house
There are many hazards around the house for pregnant women, but almost all can be easily avoided. If you still insist on doing all the house work yourself, try to stay clear of aerosol cans, industrial strength cleaners and fumes from paint, solvents and strippers. All of the above have been linked to birth defects and other pregnancy complications. It also pays to take it a little easier around certain parts of the house such as stair cases.
Body temperature
Keeping a moderate body temperature during pregnancy (especially during first trimester) is important as it may lead to birth defects. It is a good idea to keep an eye on your temperature during exercise and keep your fluids up. Things such as saunas and hot baths are not recommended during pregnancy.
Alcohol and drugs
To be safe with alcohol during pregnancy it is probably best to avoid it altogether, as there is no safe level of consumption. It can have detrimental affects on an unborn child. In comparison to a fully grown woman, a baby is very small, so you could imagine the potential damage to the baby if the mother was drunk or even tipsy. Drugs during pregnancy have been shown to have a negative effect. Drugs such as cocaine have been shown to hinder the development of a baby's vital oxygen and nourishment, leading to complications such as birth defects and even an addiction in the child itself.
Exercise
Exercise during pregnancy is recommended for most women, but only at a moderate pace. Women who participated in high impact exercise, weight lifting, contact sports, high altitude training or scuba diving before pregnancy, will have to readjust their routines. Walking is highly recommended for at least the first two trimesters, as it can help your body withstand the rigors of labor and delivery more easily.
The do's and don'ts of pregnancy are different for each woman and each pregnancy. The above information is not a medical opinion and should not substitute a professional medical opinion. Always consult your doctor or care provider before making any major decisions before, during and even after pregnancy.
The Do's and Dont's of Pregnancy
Article written by Sarah Mitchell of NamesToBe.com. Over 10,000 baby names and meanings. Read this article and hundreds more: Baby articles database or The do's and dont's of pregnancy.
Article free for reprint as long as this author bio is present and all hyperlinks remain active.
Diet Tips to Ease PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome) Symptoms!
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There are a lot of advantages that we can get from a healthy and balanced diet. It can keep you beautiful, maintain your mood, keep the shape of your body (ideal in weight), and keep you active (more energy that you have every day). So what are healthiest and best foods for women of all ages, especially to ease symptoms of PMS? Keep reading!
You might also like to know more about best foods to prevent breast cancer and aging, before continuing!
Furthermore, healthy foods also can be essential nutrients to give a significantly supports through different phases in your life. For instances, they can be used to help reduce PMS, increase the level of female fertility, relieve some symptoms of menopause, ease your stress level, etc. Whatever how old you are, you can improve and enjoy your life with a healthy diet.
Common suggestions for women of all ages
Don’t go too far when thinking about healthiest foods. You can start from the basics but can give a significantly improvement to your health in long term.
Fresh fruits & vegetables, lean sources of protein, healthy fats, and whole grains can be good basic choices for a well-rounded diet. It is not difficult to get them every day. These kinds of foods can provide a lot of health advantages. They are high in energy which means will be so helpful for lifelong weight control. Furthermore, they also can be a key answer for feeling & looking great at any age!
Below are other simple ideas for your best nutrition and diet option:
Not all women experience symptoms of PMS. But did you know that your lifestyle habits also can affect your PMS? Some studies found that women with unhealthy weight (overweight) are more likely to experience PMS symptoms.
Another factor is stress, if you cannot control your stress your PMS symptoms are also more likely to occur. Experts believe that stress has a significantly contribution of how intense and severe the PMS symptoms that occur. Therefore, it’s important to relax your mind. Doing yoga, exercise, and deep breathing are great choices of effective ways to relax the mind.
Don’t forget also to get adequate rest and sleep. These are not only intended to ease your stress but also reduce the risk of fatigue (one of common PMS symptoms). Furthermore, cigarette smoking also should be avoided – many studies found that it may increase the risk of moderate & severe PMS.
The following are some nutrition tips to ease your PMS symptoms:
 |
| (Image credit to Getty Images) |
You might also like to know more about best foods to prevent breast cancer and aging, before continuing!
Furthermore, healthy foods also can be essential nutrients to give a significantly supports through different phases in your life. For instances, they can be used to help reduce PMS, increase the level of female fertility, relieve some symptoms of menopause, ease your stress level, etc. Whatever how old you are, you can improve and enjoy your life with a healthy diet.
Common suggestions for women of all ages
Don’t go too far when thinking about healthiest foods. You can start from the basics but can give a significantly improvement to your health in long term.
Fresh fruits & vegetables, lean sources of protein, healthy fats, and whole grains can be good basic choices for a well-rounded diet. It is not difficult to get them every day. These kinds of foods can provide a lot of health advantages. They are high in energy which means will be so helpful for lifelong weight control. Furthermore, they also can be a key answer for feeling & looking great at any age!
Below are other simple ideas for your best nutrition and diet option:
- Limit your consumption of caffeine and alcohol! Some studies found that women with excessively consumption of caffeine are at higher risk of having more hormone changes and elevated calcium loss. Then for those who drink more than 2 alcohol drinks /day are also at higher risk of developing osteoporosis. Read also more detailed information about the link between caffeine and osteoporosis!
- Eat protein in moderation! We all agree that protein is one of the most essential nutrients for the body, but everything that is consumed too over will bring bad effect to the body. In other words, avoid consuming too much protein (particularly for animal-based protein)! Too much protein can lead to more calcium loss which then will reduce the density of your bone and put you at higher risk of osteoporosis.
- Get plenty of iron from your diet! In fact, women are more likely to have iron deficiency than men - the cycle of menstruation is one of major factors why this happens. Therefore, it’s important to maintain the level of iron in your body. Fortunately, there are a lot of iron-rich foods that you can choose in your diet. Spinach, iron-fortified cereals, lead red meat, lentils, and dark poultry are some iron-rich foods.
- Maintain your calcium (Ca) intake! Again, women are also more likely to develop osteoporosis than men. Therefore, it’s important for them to get adequate Ca to improve /maintain the health and density of their bone. Plant-based calcium-rich foods are more recommended than animal-based sources of calcium. Kale, collard greens, Brussels sprouts, beans, and broccoli are great plant-based sources of Ca.
- Always remember to prioritize plant-based and whole foods! A variety of legumes, beans, and whole grains are good choice to get more fiber and energy. Don’t forget also to fill most of your plate with fresh leafy green vegetables and fruits. And focus on locally-grown foods (in order to get as fresh as possible of foods) and minimally-processed foods!
Not all women experience symptoms of PMS. But did you know that your lifestyle habits also can affect your PMS? Some studies found that women with unhealthy weight (overweight) are more likely to experience PMS symptoms.
Another factor is stress, if you cannot control your stress your PMS symptoms are also more likely to occur. Experts believe that stress has a significantly contribution of how intense and severe the PMS symptoms that occur. Therefore, it’s important to relax your mind. Doing yoga, exercise, and deep breathing are great choices of effective ways to relax the mind.
Don’t forget also to get adequate rest and sleep. These are not only intended to ease your stress but also reduce the risk of fatigue (one of common PMS symptoms). Furthermore, cigarette smoking also should be avoided – many studies found that it may increase the risk of moderate & severe PMS.
The following are some nutrition tips to ease your PMS symptoms:
- Again, cut out alcohol and caffeine, because both are believed can worsen your PMS symptoms! Trans-fat foods also should be limited!
- Get to know your best choice! Some appropriately supplements may work effective to ease your symptoms. See if vitamin supplements, flaxseed oil supplements, fish oil, or eating more fish will ease the symptoms. In addition, for some women, taking a daily supplement /multivitamin may relieve cramps (one of common PMS symptoms).
- Egg yolks and red meat should be avoided, because both can lead to inflammation. It’s much better to go with plant-based proteins, such as nuts and soy.
- Don’t overload on salt and sugar! Too much sugar can trigger the decreased serotonin in your brain which then may affect the mood and your PMS symptoms. And for salt, if you consume it too much, this will worsen water retention. Choose whole foods instead of overly processed foods. If you cannot cut out salt in your diet, make sure to drink lots of water!
- Add more high-quality foods of calcium and vitamin D in your diet! Experts believe that vitamin D may help maintain your emotional changes, and calcium can help relieve anxiety and depressive symptoms. Of course, vitamin D and calcium are also essential nutrients for other health reasons, particularly such as for preventing osteoporosis. Soy milk, yogurt, cheese, and free-fat milk are good sources of vitamin D and calcium. If necessary, you also can consider appropriately supplements!
- Never skip your breakfast! Hormone changes due to PMS also can cause appetite problem. Sometimes you may have lack of appetite or vice versa (overly hungry). Therefore, it is important to always never skip your breakfast.
27 Kasım 2012 Salı
Introducing Birthing Shifrah's New Contributing Authors!
To contact us Click HERE
I take great pleasure in announcing that two new writers will be joining me here at Birthing Shifrah!
Hallie Palladino, M.A., is a writer, teacher and mother. She will be covering issues related to parenting with a particular interest in natural parenting, attachment parenting and breastfeeding issues. She and her husband are raising their one year old son, Rocco, on the north side of Chicago.
Heather Baker, P.T., is a physical therapist at the Galter Life Center at Swedish Covenant Hospital in Chicago. She earned her doctorate from Northwestern University. Heather specializes in working with women during and after pregnancy with a special focus on pelvic pain and recovery from birth trauma. She will be covering issues related to the body during the perinatal period. When not working as a physical therapist at Swedish Covenant Hospital, she loves to be active and regularly competes in triathlons and even completed her first half Ironman last summer. She currently lives with her husband on the north side of Chicago.
Hallie Palladino, M.A., is a writer, teacher and mother. She will be covering issues related to parenting with a particular interest in natural parenting, attachment parenting and breastfeeding issues. She and her husband are raising their one year old son, Rocco, on the north side of Chicago.
Heather Baker, P.T., is a physical therapist at the Galter Life Center at Swedish Covenant Hospital in Chicago. She earned her doctorate from Northwestern University. Heather specializes in working with women during and after pregnancy with a special focus on pelvic pain and recovery from birth trauma. She will be covering issues related to the body during the perinatal period. When not working as a physical therapist at Swedish Covenant Hospital, she loves to be active and regularly competes in triathlons and even completed her first half Ironman last summer. She currently lives with her husband on the north side of Chicago.
It's Been Awhile...
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It's been a while since I've sat down to write. The summer was a whirlwind. We bought a house, found out we were pregnant, packed and moved. All while I was in summer school and nauseous everyday. Well, baby #2 is coming at the end of February and our lives are (finally) starting to fall into a routine, which means I have no excuse for not writing. In the meantime check out these new and exciting ways to keep in touch with me...
I launched my new website! Yay! You can now find me & my postpartum doula services at: www.emilyarobb.com
I'm teaching childbirth and parenting classes at Dharma Yoga Evanston: http://dharmayogaevanston.com
I launched my new website! Yay! You can now find me & my postpartum doula services at: www.emilyarobb.com
I'm teaching childbirth and parenting classes at Dharma Yoga Evanston: http://dharmayogaevanston.com
MOTHER'S CANCER CAN PASS TO FETUS
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A Mother Sends Cancer To Her Baby During Pregnancy
England - A mother of 28 years, died of leukemia, a cancer cell transmitted to her daughter, while it was still in her uterus.
This event is rare and researchers proves that cancer can be passed from mother to child. Seventeen cases were identified earlier when the mother and baby share the same cancer often leukemia or melanoma. However, scientists now have evidence of genetic transmission of cancer.
Normally, the immune system of a baby recognizes and destroys any cancer cell from the mother. But this time, the leukemic cells have avoided the baby's natural defenses.
The scientists began their research in 2006 when a Japanese father brought his baby to 11 months in the hospital in Tokyo. He then explained that the mother had died three months ago. Samples taken from the infant compared to those of the mother showed that they contained the same cancer cells. These cases are still extremely rare according to scientists.
A Mother Sends Cancer To Her Baby During PregnancyEngland - A mother of 28 years, died of leukemia, a cancer cell transmitted to her daughter, while it was still in her uterus.
This event is rare and researchers proves that cancer can be passed from mother to child. Seventeen cases were identified earlier when the mother and baby share the same cancer often leukemia or melanoma. However, scientists now have evidence of genetic transmission of cancer.
Normally, the immune system of a baby recognizes and destroys any cancer cell from the mother. But this time, the leukemic cells have avoided the baby's natural defenses.
The scientists began their research in 2006 when a Japanese father brought his baby to 11 months in the hospital in Tokyo. He then explained that the mother had died three months ago. Samples taken from the infant compared to those of the mother showed that they contained the same cancer cells. These cases are still extremely rare according to scientists.
AVAIN FLU: IT's TOO COLD IN THE HUMAN NOSE THAT H5N1 CAN SPREAD
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Avian flu: It's too cold in the human nose that H5N1 can spread
While all the media attention at the moment is focused towards the H1N1 influenza A (also known as swine flu), researchers continue to try to understand how the H5N1 avian influenza. In an article published in the journal free online access PLoS Pathogens (reference below), an Anglo-American study reveals that a likely reason why the H5N1 avian influenza infects human with difficulty is the relatively low temperature (32 ° C) environment of the proximal human airway. It is possible that the epidemic of avian influenza (H5N1) in Southeast Asia was in 2007, which inter-species transmission has remained sporadic, never ever be transformed into a human pandemic because the mutations that might have made virus infection in humans have not occurred.
Temperature difference between distal and proximal human airway
Because previous studies showing that the H5N1 virus infecting the more distal (bronchi) that the proximal side (nose, throat) of the human airway, scientists from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (U.S.) and Imperial College London (United Kingdom) have hypothesized that the temperature difference between the two areas have been crucial to prevent zoonosis (transmission of animal disease to humans and vice versa). To provide some answers to their hypothesis, the U.S. and British researchers have used an in vitro model of human ciliated cells from the airways, they were seeded at temperatures of 37 ° C or 32 ° C ( to mimic the existing conditions of distal or proximal). In the first case, the two types of human and avian viruses infecting cell cultures efficiently, while at 32 ° C, only the human virus demonstrated efficiency of infection of cells in culture. These results are consistent with the fact that the infection in birds takes place in the intestine, and then at 40 ° C.
The important role of glycoproteins in the adjustment to room temperature
It is furthermore known that the influenza virus present at position 627 in the PB2 polymerase (element responsible for the replication of influenza virus genome in the host cell), an amino acid plays a crucial role in Adaptation of virus to the environmental temperature within the same host. The replacement of this residue of the human virus by that of avian virus but did not explain the difference between the infectious properties of both viruses at different temperatures. The researchers then used two types of human viruses, the H3N2 and H1N1, and replaced some of their surface proteins (glycoproteins, see box) by surface proteins of influenza virus. The human viruses as amended showed reduced ability to infect human cells ciliated cells cultured at 32 ° C, suggesting an important role of these glycoproteins in the adjustment to room temperature, and therefore a crucial role in limited transmission of H5N1 influenza viruses in humans and in the inter-human contagion.
The study, funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC Council for Medical Research) in the United Kingdom and by the NIH in the United States is important because in the words of Professor Wendy Barclay, Imperial College London,
"It is impossible to develop vaccines against the 16 subtypes of avian viruses [...]. By studying a range of viruses, we can nevertheless determine what changes come to significantly increase the risk of zoonoses and contagion in the human species. "
The Influenza Virus
The influenza virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae, enveloped viruses with single-stranded RNA and having a spherical shape 80 to 100 nm in diameter. There are three types of influenza viruses named A, B and C. Their surface is studded with surface proteins or glycoproteins, also known as surface antigens. Viruses A and B have two types, the hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). The hemagglutinin is responsible for virus attachment on a sialic acid residue on the surface of cells of the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract, and the fusion of viral and cellular membranes during the penetration phase virus. Neuraminidase, in turn, allows the release into the host cell virions pre-formed, and the posting of the hemagglutinin (and therefore the virus particle) of the cell membrane of the host.
Reference:
Article: Avian Influenza Virus Glycoproteins Restrict Virus Replication and Spread Through Human Airway Epithelium at Temperatures of the Proximal Airways
Authors: Margaret A. Scull, Laura Gillim-Ross, Celia Santos, Kim L. Roberts, Elena Bordonali, Kanta Subbarao, Wendy S. Barclay, Raymond J. Pickles
Published Journal: PLoS Pathogens
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000424
--
Source: BE UK number 97
http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/59855.htm
Avian flu: It's too cold in the human nose that H5N1 can spreadWhile all the media attention at the moment is focused towards the H1N1 influenza A (also known as swine flu), researchers continue to try to understand how the H5N1 avian influenza. In an article published in the journal free online access PLoS Pathogens (reference below), an Anglo-American study reveals that a likely reason why the H5N1 avian influenza infects human with difficulty is the relatively low temperature (32 ° C) environment of the proximal human airway. It is possible that the epidemic of avian influenza (H5N1) in Southeast Asia was in 2007, which inter-species transmission has remained sporadic, never ever be transformed into a human pandemic because the mutations that might have made virus infection in humans have not occurred.
Temperature difference between distal and proximal human airway
Because previous studies showing that the H5N1 virus infecting the more distal (bronchi) that the proximal side (nose, throat) of the human airway, scientists from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (U.S.) and Imperial College London (United Kingdom) have hypothesized that the temperature difference between the two areas have been crucial to prevent zoonosis (transmission of animal disease to humans and vice versa). To provide some answers to their hypothesis, the U.S. and British researchers have used an in vitro model of human ciliated cells from the airways, they were seeded at temperatures of 37 ° C or 32 ° C ( to mimic the existing conditions of distal or proximal). In the first case, the two types of human and avian viruses infecting cell cultures efficiently, while at 32 ° C, only the human virus demonstrated efficiency of infection of cells in culture. These results are consistent with the fact that the infection in birds takes place in the intestine, and then at 40 ° C.
The important role of glycoproteins in the adjustment to room temperature
It is furthermore known that the influenza virus present at position 627 in the PB2 polymerase (element responsible for the replication of influenza virus genome in the host cell), an amino acid plays a crucial role in Adaptation of virus to the environmental temperature within the same host. The replacement of this residue of the human virus by that of avian virus but did not explain the difference between the infectious properties of both viruses at different temperatures. The researchers then used two types of human viruses, the H3N2 and H1N1, and replaced some of their surface proteins (glycoproteins, see box) by surface proteins of influenza virus. The human viruses as amended showed reduced ability to infect human cells ciliated cells cultured at 32 ° C, suggesting an important role of these glycoproteins in the adjustment to room temperature, and therefore a crucial role in limited transmission of H5N1 influenza viruses in humans and in the inter-human contagion.
The study, funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC Council for Medical Research) in the United Kingdom and by the NIH in the United States is important because in the words of Professor Wendy Barclay, Imperial College London,
"It is impossible to develop vaccines against the 16 subtypes of avian viruses [...]. By studying a range of viruses, we can nevertheless determine what changes come to significantly increase the risk of zoonoses and contagion in the human species. "
The Influenza Virus
The influenza virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae, enveloped viruses with single-stranded RNA and having a spherical shape 80 to 100 nm in diameter. There are three types of influenza viruses named A, B and C. Their surface is studded with surface proteins or glycoproteins, also known as surface antigens. Viruses A and B have two types, the hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). The hemagglutinin is responsible for virus attachment on a sialic acid residue on the surface of cells of the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract, and the fusion of viral and cellular membranes during the penetration phase virus. Neuraminidase, in turn, allows the release into the host cell virions pre-formed, and the posting of the hemagglutinin (and therefore the virus particle) of the cell membrane of the host.
Reference:
Article: Avian Influenza Virus Glycoproteins Restrict Virus Replication and Spread Through Human Airway Epithelium at Temperatures of the Proximal Airways
Authors: Margaret A. Scull, Laura Gillim-Ross, Celia Santos, Kim L. Roberts, Elena Bordonali, Kanta Subbarao, Wendy S. Barclay, Raymond J. Pickles
Published Journal: PLoS Pathogens
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000424
--
Source: BE UK number 97
http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/59855.htm
The Do's and Dont's of Pregnancy
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With so many people giving their opinion on what to do and what not to do during pregnancy, it becomes hard to determine what is fact and what is fiction. Below is a list of some of the more important factors to consider in regards to pregnancy do's and dont's.
Food during pregnancy
Pregnancy
Certain foods need to be avoided during pregnancy. Listeria, which is caused by uncooked meats, some seafood, unpasterized milk and soft cheeses, can cause birth defects, miscarriages and stillbirth.
The Do's and Dont's of PregnancyCat litter
Toxoplasmosis, is a disease which is contracted by contact with cat feces. It is spread by a parasite which can lead to miscarriages, stillbirth and birth defects.
Smoking
Smoking during pregnancy is definitely a no no. It has been linked to a low birth weight, miscarriage and premature birth in many different studies. Second hand smoke poses the same dangers during pregnancy, and should be avoided at all costs.
Caffeine
Some studies on caffeine during pregnancy have led to the conclusion that the two do not mix well together, as caffeine may increase the possibility of miscarriage and low birth weight. On the other hand, other studies have shown no link between the two. Obviously an excessive amount of caffeine is a bad idea regardless of pregnancy. An excessive amount of caffeine is generally regarded as over 300 milligrams per day. If you stay well clear of this figure, caffeine during pregnancy is less likely to cause problems.
Safety around the house
There are many hazards around the house for pregnant women, but almost all can be easily avoided. If you still insist on doing all the house work yourself, try to stay clear of aerosol cans, industrial strength cleaners and fumes from paint, solvents and strippers. All of the above have been linked to birth defects and other pregnancy complications. It also pays to take it a little easier around certain parts of the house such as stair cases.
Body temperature
Keeping a moderate body temperature during pregnancy (especially during first trimester) is important as it may lead to birth defects. It is a good idea to keep an eye on your temperature during exercise and keep your fluids up. Things such as saunas and hot baths are not recommended during pregnancy.
Alcohol and drugs
To be safe with alcohol during pregnancy it is probably best to avoid it altogether, as there is no safe level of consumption. It can have detrimental affects on an unborn child. In comparison to a fully grown woman, a baby is very small, so you could imagine the potential damage to the baby if the mother was drunk or even tipsy. Drugs during pregnancy have been shown to have a negative effect. Drugs such as cocaine have been shown to hinder the development of a baby's vital oxygen and nourishment, leading to complications such as birth defects and even an addiction in the child itself.
Exercise
Exercise during pregnancy is recommended for most women, but only at a moderate pace. Women who participated in high impact exercise, weight lifting, contact sports, high altitude training or scuba diving before pregnancy, will have to readjust their routines. Walking is highly recommended for at least the first two trimesters, as it can help your body withstand the rigors of labor and delivery more easily.
The do's and don'ts of pregnancy are different for each woman and each pregnancy. The above information is not a medical opinion and should not substitute a professional medical opinion. Always consult your doctor or care provider before making any major decisions before, during and even after pregnancy.
The Do's and Dont's of Pregnancy
Article written by Sarah Mitchell of NamesToBe.com. Over 10,000 baby names and meanings. Read this article and hundreds more: Baby articles database or The do's and dont's of pregnancy.
Article free for reprint as long as this author bio is present and all hyperlinks remain active.
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